Definition Of Methods Of Preparation Of Salts
Salts are also prepared by methods other than neutralization
More About Methods of preparation of salts
- A metal can combine directly with a nonmetal to form a salt; e.g., sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas to form sodium chloride
- A metal may react with a dilute acid to form a salt and release hydrogen gas; e.g., Magnesium reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to form magnesium sulfate and hydrogen
- A metal oxide may react with an acid to form a salt and water; e.g., calcium oxide reacts with carbonic acid to form calcium carbonate and water
- A base can react with a nonmetallic oxide to form a salt and water; e.g., sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to form sodium carbonate and water
- Two salts may react with one another (in solution) to form two new salts; e.g., barium chloride and sodium sulfate react in solution to form barium sulfate and sodium chloride (which remains in solution)
- A salt may react with an acid to form a different salt and acid; e.g., sodium chloride and sulfuric acid react when heated to form sodium sulfate and release hydrogen chloride gas (which in solution forms hydrochloric acid)
- A salt undergoes dissociation when it dissolves in a polar solvent, e.g., water, the extent of dissociation depending both on the salt and the solvent
- The name of a salt has two parts. The first part comes from the metal in the base or carbonate, or the metal itself if a reactive metal like magnesium or zinc is used
- The second part of the name comes from the acid used to make it. The names of salts made from hydrochloric acid end in -chloride, while the names of salts made from sulfuric acid end in -sulfate
- Ammonia forms ammonium salts when it reacts with acids. Therefore ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid to make ammonium chloride
- If the base dissolves in water, we need to add just enough acid to make a neutral solution – check small sample with universal indicator paper - then evaporate the water. We get larger crystals if water is evaporated slowly
- Copper oxide does not dissolve in water
- If the base is insoluble, we add acid to base until no more base dissolves and we have some base left. We filter the mixture and evaporate water until in the filtrate to leave the salt behind
