Definition of Plant Root System

The system of roots developed by the plant

The root system generally grows beneath the ground into the soil
The first root that germinates from the seed is called‘radical’
The radical develops into single prominent root called as ‘primary or main root’
It is the strongest and grows vertically downwards due to gravitation and deep into the soil
Several branches arise from the main tap root known as lateral or secondary roots
There are three types of root system namely
- - Tap root system
  - Fibrous root system
  - Adventitious root system

The root system of plant having one main root that gives of smaller branches is known as tap root system
Generally ‘dicotyledonous plants’ posses tap root system. E.g., Mango
Root system with numerous fine threadlike roots is known as fibrous root system
The fibrous root systems do not have a single main root and branch out in all directions
Fibrous root system in generally observed in ‘Monocotyledon plants’. E.g., Paddy, Wheat
The fibrous roots are thin, of more or less similar size and more in number
The roots that develop from plant part other than the radical is known are ‘adventitious roots’.E.g., Chrysanthimum
The radical in the monocotyledon plants is short lived
In such cases, the roots develop from parts of the plant other than roots
Adventitious roots are very important for vegetative propagation in plants
The aerial roots of the banyan tree are example of adventitious roots
Functions of Plant root system are as follows
- - It provides great anchorage and support to the plant. Huge trees such as Mango, Red wood stand erect due to the roots
  - The root hairs absorb nutrients, water and oxygen from the soil and conduct them to the upperparts of the plant
  - Some of the tap roots are specially modified for storage of carbohydrates and water
  For example: Carrot, Sweet potato

1) The first root that germinates from the seed is called _____

Solution: Radical

2) The roots that develop from plant parts other than the radical are called ____

Solution: Adventitious roots

Definition Of Plant Root System