MULTIPLICATION
Definition Of Multiplication
Multiplication of two numbers is the repeated addition of one number to the number of times equal to the other number.
More About Multiplication
Multiplication is one of the basic arithmetic operations.
The multiplication symbol is denoted by ×.
Multiplication of numbers is commutative, associative, and distributive.
Video Examples: Multiplication: Learning Times Tables for 8s and 2s
Examples of Multiplication
4 × 5 = 20
To multiply 4 with 5, 4 can be added 5 times i.e. 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20.
Solved Example on Multiplication
Ques: Cathy distributed 3 apples each to 6 of her friends. The number of apples she had in all, is given by 3 × 6. Identify the repeated addition statement that represents 3 × 6.
Choices:
A. 4 + 4 + 4 + 4
B. 9 + 9 + 9
C. 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3
D. 6 + 6 + 6 + 6
Correct Answer = C
Solution:
Step 1: The number of apples Cathy distributed is 3 × 6.
Step 2: There are 6 equal groups of 3. [Write the multiplication fact as repeated addition.]
Step 3: So, 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 is the repeated addition statement for 3 × 6.
Quick Summary
- Multiplication is repeated addition.
- The multiplication symbol is ×.
- Multiplication is commutative, associative, and distributive.
⚠️ Common Mistakes
- Confusing multiplication with addition.
- Forgetting to carry over digits in multi-digit multiplication.
🌍 Real-World Uses
- Calculating the total cost of 5 items that each cost $3. 5 \times $3 = $15.
- Determining the area of a rectangular garden that is 10 feet long and 5 feet wide. 10 \text{ ft} \times 5 \text{ ft} = 50 \text{ ft}^2.
- Calculating the total number of seats in a movie theater with 20 rows and 15 seats per row. 20 \times 15 = 300 \text{ seats}.
📋 Standards Alignment
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.OA.A.1CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.OA.A.3
🔗 Related Links
🍎 Teacher Insights
Use manipulatives like counters or arrays to visually demonstrate multiplication as repeated addition.🎓 Prerequisites
- Addition
- Number recognition
Check Your Knowledge
Q1: What is 3 x 6?
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does commutative mean?
A: Commutative means that the order doesn't matter. For example, 2 x 3 = 3 x 2.